Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. La nascita e l’organizzazione delle Università nell’Impero russo. – 2. La formalizzazione del nuovo sistema di studi superiori nella RSFSR e nell’URSS. – 3. La trasformazione del sistema sovietico d’istruzione: la legge federale sulle Basi dell’istruzione del 1992. – 4. La legge federale Sull’istruzione professionale superiore e di perfezionamento del 1996. – 5. Le riforme del sistema delle istituzioni per gli studi superiori da Putin a Medvedev. – 6. Il sistema russo degli studi superiori: tra accentramento e finanziamento autonomo.

Abstract

The passage from the socialist State to the post-socialist State had a decisive effect on the university system in Russia. The independence of the universities was recognised in the nineties once the first private universities were funded. This was accompanied by a process of decentralisation and a reduction in State funding that led to a lowering in the quality of the universities and the other structures (academies and institutes) that form part of the Russian system of higher education (VUZ). To deal with this situation the President and the Government have introduced a series of reform programmes since 2000 aimed at creating links between the university, research and industry. The result has been an increase in State interference, particularly the executive branch, in higher education.