Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Integrazione europea e regionalismo. – 2. Segue: l’aspirazione al riconoscimento sovranazionale dell’identità sub-statale. – 3. La “Carta comunitaria della regionalizzazione”. – 4. I primi segnali di una regionalizzazione del livello sovranazionale: principio di sussidiarietà, Comitato delle Regioni e partecipazione al Consiglio. – 5. L’esempio tedesco: dalla “Landes-Blindheit” dei Trattati istitutivi ... – 6. Segue: ... alla approvazione dell’“Europaartikel”: il comma 1 dell’art. 23 GG. – 7. Segue: la Mitwirkung del Bundesrat ed il processo interno di formazione della volontà del Bund: i commi 2 e 5 dell’art. 23 GG. – 8. Bundesrat e Länder nella rappresentanza verso l’Unione europea: il comma 6 dell’art. 23 GG. – 9. Considerazioni conclusive: il versante statale tedesco ... – 10. Segue: … ed il “posto” del regionalismo nell’Unione europea.

Abstract

In institutional EU treaties, the regional level of states has no institutional recognition. Maastricht, however, shows the first signs of recognising national “regionalisation” through the creation of a Council of Regions and the chance for representatives of the Regions of member States with ministerial rank to participate in meetings of the Council of the European Union. The recognition of a regional level within member States makes some amends for the initial total indifference of the institutional treaties (C.D. “Landes-Blindheit”). It also compensates for the Kompetenzverlust suffered by the regions in favour of the Community at a national constitutional level. Mechanisms or procedures at internal constitutional level will be required to assure direct regional involvement in EU issues. A fine example of this is the modification of the German constitution (21 Dec. 1992) which introduced a specific “Europaartikel” (art. 23) into the Grundgesetz. The analysis of art. 23 leads to two conclusions: Above all, that the best way to obtain compensation for the Regions for losses incurred is via internal law; secondly, that constitutional regulation by member States in support of Regions appears to be inevitably linked to the institutional decisions made at European level.