| Il principio unitario nella Germania riunificata quale emanazione della “clausola di necessità” ex art. 72, c. 2 Grundgesetz |
| Fascicolo 2003-1 |
| Scritto da Mistò Michele |
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Sommario 1. Premessa: sull’oggetto e sull’opportunità dell’indagine. – 2. Le tecniche di riparto delle competenze legislative nella storia costituzionale tedesca con particolare riferimento alla fase costituente della Legge fondamentale. – 3. La dinamica unitaria del sistema tedesco di riparto delle competenze legislative. – 3.1. L’apporto della giurisprudenza del Bundesverfassungsgericht. – 3.2. L’apporto delle giurisdizioni amministrative. – 4. La giurisprudenza costituzionale in tema di “clausola di bisogno” e di potestà legislativa concorrente. – 5. Dall’uniformità all’omogeneità delle condizioni di vita: la “clausola di necessità” ex art. 72, c. 2 GG e la legislazione concorrente dopo la riunificazione tedesca. – 6. Considerazioni finali: sull’omogeneità materiale come tema topico del diritto costituzionale tedesco. AbstractThe principle of the material unity of the German constitutional order is stipulated under Article 72(2) of the Basic Law, which defines the concurrent legislative power of the Federation and the Member States (Länder). According to Article 72(2), as amended on 27-10-1994, the Federation can legislate if and insofar as the establishment of equal living conditions in the federal territory or the preservation of the legal and economic unity requires a federal regulation in the interest of the state as a whole. By looking at the constitutional history of Germany, it becomes clear that concurrent legislation represents the kernel of the provisions regulating the relations between the federal and regional level of government. This is true, in particular, when it comes to the current Basic Law of Germany: this provision was intended by the legislator as a means of curbing the excessive law-making activity of the Federation, but has turned out to be highly ineffective, because the German Constitutional Court has construed it as favouring a unity of normative action between the Federation and the Member States. On top of that, the case is made that other features of the German constitutional order and legal system at large have a conspicuous trend towards material unity. Particular attention is paid to the role played with regard to this by the case-law of the all and sundry administrative courts. |