Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Introduzione. – 2. Articolazione dell’indagine. – 3. Costituzione del Canada, federalismo e rivendicazioni provinciali in materia di immigrazione. – 4. Le rivendicazioni del Québec in materia di immigrazione. I c.d. Immigration Agreements. – 5. Federalismo cooperativo e immigrazione. Il riparto di competenze tra Canada e Québec. – 6. Federalismo e multiculturalismo: le distinte politiche d’integrazione del Québec. – 7. Immigrazione e sistema delle fonti: la necessaria razionalizzazione del sistema canadese. – 8. Le rivendicazioni del Québec ed i tentativi di evitare la secessione. Verso un nuovo “patto” federale in materia di immigrazione.

AbstractThe article deals with Canadian immigration law and its interactions with federalism, multiculturalism and Quebec’s secession attempts. As stated by the Constitution Act, 1867, immigration is a concurrent power, which belongs both to the Federation and the Provinces. Federal legislation and ‘Immigration Agreements’ also represent the main legal base for cooperative federalism in immigration issues. Moreover, the paper examines the interactions between Quebec’s claims on immigration and its request for the recognition of a distinct society status within Canada. In fact, Quebec’s claims on immigration are strictly linked with the protection of its cultural diversity, the veto on constitutional amendments as well as with secession. The article also analyzes immigration policies. Canada and Quebec tend to integrate ‘new minorities’ into the multi-cultural society. In addition, integration policies must respect Quebec's cultural diversity, federalism and the rights and freedoms laid down in the Charter. In the field of integration policies federal and Quebec's visions on federalism, immigration and respect for minorities often clash.