Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. La qualità della legislazione comunitaria. – 2. Il diritto dell’ambiente. – 3. La legislazione ambientale europea. – 4. Incidenza delle conoscenze scientifiche nella redazione delle “norme tecniche” che fanno parte della legislazione ambientale europea. – 5. Il ravvicinamento delle legislazioni ambientali e l’armonizzazione dei diritti nazionali quali presupposti dell’unificazione normativa. – 6. L’armonizzazione della normativa tecnica e gli effetti sulla salute, la sicurezza e l’ambiente. – 7. Gli obblighi degli Stati nell’attuazione delle direttive ambientali e l’adeguamento dei processi industriali alle prescrizioni comunitarie. – 8. Legislazione ambientale europea e diritto italiano. – 9. Considerazioni finali.

Abstract

The author considers the “quality of the environmental legislation” of the European Union in two respects. First, he determines the criteria followed in the approbation procedure for environmental norms; second, he sketches the characterising traits of these regulations. The issue is discussed in the context of the framework referred to by the European Union, along the lines of the 1995 OCSE Recommendation. The essay examines the relevance of scientific knowledge in the enunciation of “technical norms”, which are included in European environmental legislation. It further considers initiatives aiming at the standardisation and the harmonisation of national environmental rights and “technical legislation”. These are considered as preconditions for the unification of regulations concerning health, safety, and environment. Finally, the author highlights the duties of the States in the application of environmental legislation, with a special emphasis on the issue of the conformation of industrial processes to EU regulations. The last point is illustrated by means of a comparison between European and Italian environmental legislation.