| La Costituzione della Repubblica popolare cinese si aggiorna |
| Fascicolo 2004-2 |
| Scritto da Delmestro Manuél E. |
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Sommario 1. Introduzione. – 2. Iter di approvazione. – 3. Moltiplicazione delle ideologie ufficiali. – 4. Maggiori garanzie agli utenti del suolo. – 5. Ritorno alla proprietà privata. – 6. Ulteriori aperture alle imprese nonpubbliche. – 7. Ingresso dei diritti umani nella legge suprema. – 8. Altri ritocchi alla Costituzione. – 9. Qualche riflessione di ordine generale.
Abstract This essay translates and comments the set of amendments to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, approved on 14th March 2004 by the National Assembly. In the authors’ view four are the most significant changes introduced in the Constitution: (1) the political legitimation of businessmen (and similar actors of the new economy) by enshrining in the ideological preamble Jang Zemin’s doctrine of the “Three represents”; (2) the State’s commitment to a compensation of private users or owners in case of revocation of land-use rights or expropriation of other property; (3) the putting of private ownership (irrespective of the nature or function of the property) on a quasi equal footing with State and collective ownership; (4) the statement that human rights shall be respected and protected and the promise of a sort of welfare state system. As in previous constitutional reforms (1988, 1993, 1999) this year’s amendments are mainly concerned with the economic domain, while the Chinese political system has been left untouched. Some of these changes reflect past and irreversible economic transformation in China, others will be soon put to the difficult test of actual practice or law in action. |