Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Premessa. – 2. Il recepimento delle istanze pluralistiche nelle Costituzioni contemporanee. – 3. Il pluralismo nella Costituzione italiana. – 4. Pluralismo istituzionale e autonomia nell’art. 5 Cost. – 5. Il pluralismo delle formazioni sociali. – 6. La difficile convivenza fra unità politica e autonomie locali. – 7. Il controllo come mezzo principale di raccordo tra ordinamento originario e ordinamento derivato. – 8. Pluralismo e autonomia nella dimensione europea. – 9. I rapporti fra enti autonomi territoriali e Unione europea. Le recenti riforme costituzionali. – 10. Le iniziative del legislatore ordinario. – 11. Il modello di pluralismo emergente dai rapporti tra Stati membri e Unione europea. – 12. Principio di sussidiarietà, pluralismo e autonomia. – 13. Conclusioni.

Abstract

The article focuses on institutional pluralism in Europe. The analysis spurs from the theories of Hauriou and Santi Romano and takes into particular consideration the Italian Constitution of 1948, which envisages an articulate pluralistic system and strong local powers. Article 5 of the Constitution, by contrasting the political unity of the State with local autonomy, introduces the theme of the relationship between the sovereign/original national legal system and the autonomous/derivate legal system, and its related mechanisms of coordination. At European level, the axis pluralism-autonomy is based on the relationship between the member states and the Union, with the regions having no weight within the European Institutions even after the recent constitutional reforms. Conversely, the relationship between the European Union and the nation states is a model for institutional pluralism, but from an opposite perspective, whereby the attribute of an autonomous legal system refers to the Union. The Union indeed lacks sovereignty, as opposed to the member states, which keep theirs, even thought to a more limited extent.