Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Premessa. – 2. Il modello tedesco: formazione iniziale e formazione continua. – 2.1. La valutazione della professionalità. – 3. Il modello francese: aspetti di organizzazione giudiziaria. – 3.1. Formazione iniziale e permanente. – 3.2. La valutazione della professionalità dei magistrati. – 4. Il modello spagnolo: cenni di organizzazione giudiziaria. – 4.1. Selezione e formazione dei giudici. – 4.2. Valutazione e sistema del ascenso. – 5. L’esperienza italiana: reclutamento e formazione. – 5.1. Valutazione e progressione di carriera. – 6. Considerazioniconclusive.

Abstract

The independence of the judiciary is performed through the recognition to its members of a special status, which includes some specific guarantees aiming at enforcing their respect of the supremacy of the law. In this perspective, rules pertaining to the selection of the judges and the checks on their activity perform a prominent role. However, the selection cannot be considered separately from the education of judges – and in particular from the techniques and the theories concerning legal interpretation – which is connected to the need of a modern society to have a well trained judiciary, able to interpret the mutations changes in the society. The evaluation of professionalism of the judges, which is adopted in most of the European countries, may be conceived as a “counterweight” to the independence of the judicial branch, either if it is related to the promotions, or if it aims at verifying the good or bad functioning of the court offices. Some common aspects emerge from the comparison among the German, the Spanish, the French and the Italian systems: the initiatives concerning the permanent education, even if at the beginning conceived as an appendix to the initial education of the judges, have recently obtained a more and more autonomous feature, due also to the awareness of the different demands of permanent education compared to those which justify the evaluation during the recruitment.