Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Introduzione. – 2. Breve storia politica e costituzionale di Cipro. – 3. Gli intrecci odierni. – 3.1. Gli elementi fondamentali del piano Annan. – 3.2. Il Consiglio presidenziale. – 3.3. La cittadinanza. – 3.4. La divisione delle competenze. – 3.5. La Corte suprema. – 4. La questione delle proprietà da restituire, la «commissione sulla riconciliazione» e la disciplina sulle lingue ufficiali. – 5. Strategie di convivenza per una futura Cipro (con)federale e i dubbi sugli scenari futuri.

Abstract

Few years after the independence of Cyprus (1960) and the enactment of the Constitution a serious conflict arose between the two main ethnic groups of the island, the Greeks and the Turkish. In 1963 the Constitution ceased to exist for the whole island, and since then it does not apply for the Turkish-Cypriots. The events of 1974 tragically confirmed the separation among the Greeks and the Turkish of Cyprus, who had to live in two political distinct entities, the Republic of Cyprus adnd the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Only the first one is internationally recognized, being the second recognized only by Turkey. In the last years the work of the UN trying to find a solution of reunification has become more intense, but it was the goal to enter into the EU for the whole reunified island the best chance ever happened. The Annan plan of the UN and the Constitution contained in it is a good example of resolving conflicts through federalism, in this case ethnic federalism. But the Annan plan has been rejected by the Greek Cypriots, while the Turkish Cypriots have accepted it. The Republic of Cyprus has entered the EU on the 1st of May, but only with its southern part. The result of the referendum has nevertheless changed the attitude of the international community, which is ready to open somehow to Northern Cyprus, hoping that the chances for the reunification have not been totally erased.