| Il referendum in Grecia: le molteplici potenzialità di un istituto ancora poco valorizzato |
| Fascicolo 2005-3 |
| Scritto da Bernardini d'Arnesano Beatrice |
|
Sommario 1. Inquadramento storico. – 1.1. Il referendum nella Costituzione del 1975. – 1.2. Il referendum dopo la revisione costituzionale del 1986. – 2. Ricostruzione delle posizioni dottrinali. – 2.1. Referendum nazionale (art. 44, c. 2, alinea a). – 2.2. Referendum sociale (art. 44, c. 2, alinea b). – 2.3. Referendum costituzionale. – 3. Esperienze concrete. – 3.1. Referendum del 1968. – 3.2. Referendum del 1973. – 3.3. Referendum del 1974. – 3.4. Ratifica della Costituzione europea (19 aprile 2005). – 4. Prospettive evolutive dell’istituto.
Abstract The Greek Constitution, as amended in 1986, provides for two kinds of referendum: the national referendum (art. 44 par. 2 a)) and the social referendum (art. 44 par. 2 b)). The essay addresses the main differences between the two i.e. the object (‘crucial national matters’ in the first case, ‘important social matters’ in the second), the right to propose (the Government in the national referendum, the Government and/or Parliament in the social one) and the procedure to be followed (different quorums are imposed for the parliamentary decision, thus excluding in practice the opposition parties and the citizens). The essay also examines the various theories concerning the juridical nature of referendums (advisory, deliberative, mandatory, constitutional, legislative). Research from the second half of the 20th Century onwards shows that referendums are a rather marginal instrument of direct democracy in Greece. In fact, although several political parties have proposed referendums in the last few years (most recently to ratify the European Constitutional Treaty) no referendums have been held since the constitutional referendum in 1974. |