Diritto Pubblico Comparato ed Europeo

Sommario

1. Premessa. – 2. La rappresentanza politica in Estonia: a) La centralità del Riigikogu. – 3. (Segue): b) La legge elettorale. – 4. (Segue): c) Il ruolo dei partiti politici. – 5. (Segue): d) La disciplina regolamentare sui gruppi parlamentari. – 6. Il caso deciso: la creazione di un nuovo gruppo parlamentare in corso di legislatura: a) Il diritto del Riigikogu di fissare condizioni e limiti alla costituzione dei gruppi. – 7. (Segue): b) La determinazione di requisiti numerici e politici. – 8. Partiti “parlamentari” o partiti “elettorali”?

Abstract

With the judgment of 2 May, 2005, the Constitutional Review Chamber of the Estonian Supreme Court dismissed the complaint of three Members. The complaint was filed against the resolution of the Board of the Rigikogu of 14 December, 2004 which denied the members theright to form a parliamentary group during the legislature not corresponding to any of the political parties presented at elections.To better understand the decision we have made a brief preliminary analysis of the constitutional, legislative and parliamentary provisions on political representation in the Estonian legal system and precisely on the role of parties and parliamentary groups. In the light of this, we made a critical analysis of the reasons put forward by the constitutional judges, admissible in part where they limit the effect of the principle of free parliamentary mandate, considering it subordinate to the guarantee of the efficiency and stability of parliamentary work and the respect of the will of electors, as expressed through the electoral principle of proportionality. At the same time, however, the Supreme Court did not thoroughly develop these premises, opening, on the contrary, through obiter dicta, to the possible formation, during the period of legislature, of new parliamentary groups not conforming to the political parties who ran at the elections.